WHAT IS AUTISM?
• Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in children by the age of 3.
• It has a debilitating effect in the areas of communication, socialization, cognition, imagination and intuitive thought, and it severely inhibits a child’s repertoire of interests and social interaction.
• The degree may vary from mild to very severe and is hence it is known as Autism Spectrum Disorder. At the lower end it is known as Classic Autism and at the upper end it is called Asperger Syndrome

There has been a marked increase in the incidence of autism in the past few decades. In the USA it is said to be 1 in 166 (Cure Autism Now 2004) making it the third most prevalent developmental disorder in the world.
It is estimated that there are 40 lakh individuals in India using the prevalence figures of 1/250
Statistics show that boys are affected more than girls and the ratio is four males to one female though the reason for this is still unknown.

What causes Autism
The exact cause of autism is still not known. Recent research indicates that it could be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The environmental factors could be a variety of conditions affecting brain development, which can occur before, during or soon after birth. The spectrum of causes for the condition complicates efforts to manage, mitigate and solve the Autism Puzzle

SYMPTOMS OF AUTISM
Autistic children can hear, see and feel, yet have difficulty in understanding and expressing what their senses tell them. Skills that a normal child picks up naturally have to be TAUGHT to children with autism.
There are no medical tests as yet for the diagnosis of Autism. Diagnosis is made on the basis of observations of the child’s communication, behavior and developmental levels.

HOW CAN PEOPLE WITH AUTISM BE HELPED?
One generation ago, 90% of persons with autism had to be institutionalized. Today there is hope even for the more severely disabled persons with Autism.
There are specific intervention techniques which can help the children to develop to their full potential.
A combined approach using Behaviour Modification, Speech and Sensory integration therapies according to the specific needs of the child can be effective.
There are a host of other approaches like dietary interventions, medication, auditory training, music therapy etc. which can supplement the child’s progress
Educational training ranges from inclusion in regular schools with appropriate adaptations to individual or small group training in special schools.
Providing a clear structure using visual means can make a positive difference for them at all places and all stages of life.
There are a few people with autism who possess a photographic memory and a degree of concentration few normal people can ever hope to have. Parents of Rajarshi (Tito ) Mukhopadhyay and Krishna Narayanan using their intuitive skills, persistence and faith in the ability of their children have uncovered the genius within.